Cyber war isn't turning out quite how it was expected

The reality of cyber war isn't turning out quite how it was expected: hackers crashing financial systems and power grids have so far not materialized, and the use of digital weapons is complicated and varies according to the conflict, according to a book published by NATO's cyber-warfare thinktank.

It shows that the integration of digital attacks into military thinking is still evolving and not as straightforward as some may have expected.

Focusing on the conflict in Ukraine, the book, Cyber War in Perspective: Russian Aggression against Ukraine, published by the Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence in Estonia, looks at how hacking, denial-of-service, and other electronic attacks have been used -- or rather not used, during the conflict.

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