Well, the powered hubs also have an AC adapter for that extra "leg-up" of juice. They also work great. What thought to be a little odd about this situation is: I have a USB Hard Drive, and it has 2 USB plugs. The first for data and power, and the other is for extra power. Though I know this isn't common, doesn't it seem logical? As for the USB power problem, It would seem like you blew out an electrical component (capacitor or resistor maybe?). Both are too much pain to replace. At least you found the hard way out with the hub! Also, I don't see any support for this model laptop on Toshiba... Well, hopefully this situation will just fix itself.
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Repair Windows XP Guide ---
Resolutions
Crazy Computer that I'm saving up for::Antec P180 Case;PC Pwr&Cooling 1kW Quad SLI PSU;Asus P5N32-SLI SE Deluxe;Intel Core2 XE X6800;Corsair TWIN2XP2048 2GB PC2-6400 DDR2 RAM;2xAsus GeForce 7950 GX2;BFG PhysX Accel.;IBM DVD-RAM/Plextor DVD±RW;Seagate 750GB HD 7200RPM;WDX 150GB 10000RPM;Vigor Monsoon TEC Cooler